Health A to Z

A

• AAA screening, see Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) screening
• AAA, see Abdominal aortic aneurysm
• Abdominal aortic aneurysm
• Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) screening
• Abortion
• Acanthosis nigricans
• Achalasia
• Acid and chemical burns
• Acid reflux in babies, see Reflux in babies
• Acne
• Acoustic neuroma (vestibular schwannoma)
• Acromegaly
• Actinic keratoses (solar keratoses)
• Actinomycosis
• Acupuncture
• Acute cholecystitis
• Acute kidney injury
• Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
• Acute myeloid leukaemia
• Acute pancreatitis
• Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
• Addison's disease
• Adenoidectomy
• Adenomyosis
• ADHD in adults
• ADHD in children and young people
• Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
• Agoraphobia
• Albinism
• Alcohol misuse
• Alcohol poisoning
• Alcohol-related liver disease
• Alexander technique
• Alkaptonuria
• Allergic rhinitis
• Allergies
• Altitude sickness
• Alzheimer's disease
• Amblyopia, see Lazy eye
• Amnesia, see Memory loss (amnesia)
• Amniocentesis
• Amputation
• Amyloidosis
• Anabolic steroid misuse
• Anaemia (iron deficiency), see Iron deficiency anaemia
• Anaemia (vitamin B12 or folate deficiency), see Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency anaemia
• Anal cancer
• Anal fissure
• Anal fistula
• Anal pain
• Anaphylaxis
• Androgen insensitivity syndrome
• Aneurysm (abdominal aortic), see Abdominal aortic aneurysm
• Aneurysm (brain), see Brain aneurysm
• Angelman syndrome
• Angina
• Angioedema
• Angiography
• Angioplasty, see Coronary angioplasty and stent insertion
• Animal and human bites
• Ankle pain
• Ankylosing spondylitis
• Anorexia nervosa
• Anosmia, see Lost or changed sense of smell
• Antacids
• Antibiotics
• Anticoagulant medicines
• Antidepressants
• Antifungal medicines
• Antihistamines
• Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)
• Antisocial personality disorder
• Anus (itchy), see Itchy bottom
• Anxiety disorders in children
• Aortic valve replacement
• Aphasia
• Appendicitis
• Arrhythmia, see Heart rhythm problems (arrhythmia)
• Arthritis
• Arthroscopy
• Asbestosis
• Asperger's, see Autism
• Aspergillosis
• Asthma
• Astigmatism
• Ataxia
• Atherosclerosis
• Athlete's foot
• Atopic eczema
• Atrial fibrillation
• Auditory processing disorder (APD)
• Autism
• Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
• Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
• Avian flu, see Bird flu

B

• Baby
• Back pain
• Bacterial vaginosis
• Bad breath
• Baker's cyst
• Balanitis
• Barium enema
• Bartholin's cyst
• BCG vaccine for tuberculosis (TB)
• Bedbugs
• Bedwetting in children
• Behçet's disease
• Being sick, see Diarrhoea and vomiting
• Bell's palsy
• Benign brain tumours, see Non-cancerous (benign) brain tumours
• Benign prostate enlargement
• Beta blockers
• Bile duct cancer (cholangiocarcinoma)
• Bilharzia, see Schistosomiasis (bilharzia)
• Binge eating disorder
• Biopsy
• Bipolar disorder
• Bird flu
• Birthmarks
• Bite (animal or human), see Animal and human bites
• Black eye
• Bladder cancer
• Bladder pain syndrome (interstitial cystitis)
• Bladder stones
• Bleeding after the menopause, see Postmenopausal bleeding
• Bleeding between periods or after sex, see Vaginal bleeding between periods or after sex
• Bleeding from the bottom (rectal bleeding)
• Blepharitis
• Blindness and vision loss
• Blisters
• Bloating
• Blood groups
• Blood in semen
• Blood in urine
• Blood poisoning, see Sepsis
• Blood pressure (low), see Low blood pressure (hypotension)
• Blood pressure test
• Blood tests
• Blood transfusion
• Blue or grey skin or lips (cyanosis)
• Blushing
• Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD)
• Body odour (BO)
• Boils
• Bone cancer
• Bone cyst
• Bone density scan (DEXA scan)
• Borderline personality disorder
• Botulism
• Bowel cancer
• Bowel cancer screening
• Bowel incontinence
• Bowel polyps
• Bowen's disease
• Braces and orthodontics
• Brachycephaly and plagiocephaly, see Plagiocephaly and brachycephaly (flat head syndrome)
• Brain abscess
• Brain aneurysm
• Brain death
• Brain haemorrhage, see Subarachnoid haemorrhage
• Brain tumour (malignant), see Malignant brain tumour (brain cancer)
• Brain tumours
• Brain tumours (benign), see Non-cancerous (benign) brain tumours
• Breast abscess
• Breast cancer in men
• Breast cancer in women
• Breast lumps
• Breast pain
• Breast reduction on the NHS
• Breast screening (mammogram)
• Breath-holding in babies and children
• Broken ankle
• Broken arm or wrist
• Broken collarbone
• Broken finger or thumb
• Broken hip
• Broken leg
• Broken nose
• Broken or bruised ribs
• Broken toe
• Bronchiectasis
• Bronchiolitis
• Bronchitis
• Bronchodilators
• Brucellosis
• Brugada syndrome
• Bruxism, see Teeth grinding (bruxism)
• Bulging eyes (exophthalmos)
• Bulimia
• Bullous pemphigoid
• Bunions
• Burns and scalds
• Bursitis
• Buttock pain, see Sciatica

C

• CABG, see Coronary artery bypass graft
• Caesarean section
• Cancer
• Cannabis oil (medical cannabis), see Medical cannabis (and cannabis oils)
• Carbon monoxide poisoning
• Cardiac catheterisation and coronary angiography
• Cardiomyopathy
• Cardiovascular disease
• Carotid endarterectomy
• Carpal tunnel syndrome
• Cat bites, see Animal and human bites
• Cataract surgery
• Cataracts (age-related), see Cataracts in adults
• Cataracts (children), see Childhood cataracts
• Cataracts in adults
• Catarrh
• Cavernoma
• Cavernous sinus thrombosis
• Cellulitis
• Cerebral palsy
• Cervical cancer
• Cervical screening
• Cervical spondylosis
• Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
• Charles Bonnet syndrome
• Chemotherapy
• Chest infection
• Chest pain
• Chiari malformation
• Chickenpox
• Chickenpox vaccine
• Chilblains
• Childhood cataracts
• Children's flu vaccine
• Chipped, broken or cracked tooth
• Chiropractic
• Chlamydia
• Cholecystitis (acute), see Acute cholecystitis
• Cholera
• Cholesteatoma
• Cholesterol (high), see High cholesterol
• Chorionic villus sampling
• Chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), see Myalgic encephalomyelitis or chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS)
• Chronic kidney disease
• Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
• Chronic myeloid leukaemia
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• Chronic pancreatitis
• Chronic traumatic encephalopathy
• Circumcision in boys
• Circumcision in men
• Cirrhosis
• CJD, see Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
• Claustrophobia
• Cleft lip and palate
• Clinical trials
• Clostridium difficile (C. diff) infection
• Club foot
• Cluster headaches
• Coccyx pain, see Tailbone (coccyx) pain
• Coeliac disease
• Cold sores
• Colic
• Colon cancer, see Bowel cancer
• Colonoscopy
• Colostomy
• Colour blindness, see Colour vision deficiency (colour blindness)
• Colour vision deficiency (colour blindness)
• Colposcopy
• Combined pill
• Common cold
• Compartment syndrome
• Complementary and alternative medicine
• Complex regional pain syndrome
• Concussion, see Head injury and concussion
• Condoms
• Confusion (sudden), see Sudden confusion (delirium)
• Congenital heart disease
• Congenital hip dislocation, see Developmental dysplasia of the hip
• Conjunctivitis
• Consent to treatment
• Constipation
• Contact dermatitis
• Continuous glucose monitoring and hybrid closed loop for diabetes
• Contraception
• Contraceptive implant
• Contraceptive injection
• Contraceptive patch
• Cornea transplant
• Corns and calluses
• Coronary angioplasty and stent insertion
• Coronary artery bypass graft
• Coronary heart disease
• Coronavirus, see COVID-19
• Corticobasal degeneration
• Corticosteroid cream, see Topical corticosteroids
• Corticosteroids, see Steroids
• Cosmetic procedures
• Costochondritis
• Cough
• Coughing up blood (blood in phlegm)
• Counselling
• COVID-19
• COVID-19 rapid lateral flow test
• COVID-19 vaccine
• Cradle cap
• Craniosynostosis
• Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
• Crohn's disease
• Croup
• CT scan
• Cushing's syndrome
• Cuts and grazes
• Cyanosis, see Blue or grey skin or lips (cyanosis)
• Cyclical vomiting syndrome
• Cyclospora
• Cystic fibrosis
• Cystitis
• Cystoscopy
• Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

D

• Dandruff
• Deafblindness
• Deafness, see Hearing loss
• Decongestants
• Dehydration
• Delirium, see Sudden confusion (delirium)
• Dementia
• Dementia (frontotemporal), see Frontotemporal dementia
• Dementia (vascular), see Vascular dementia
• Dementia with Lewy bodies
• Dengue
• Dental abscess
• Dental pain, see Toothache
• Dentures (false teeth)
• Depression
• Depression in adults
• Detached retina (retinal detachment)
• Developmental co-ordination disorder (dyspraxia) in children
• Developmental dysplasia of the hip
• DEXA scan, see Bone density scan (DEXA scan)
• Diabetes
• Diabetes (type 1), see Type 1 diabetes
• Diabetes (type 2), see Type 2 diabetes
• Diabetes in pregnancy, see Gestational diabetes
• Diabetes insipidus
• Diabetic eye screening
• Diabetic ketoacidosis
• Diabetic retinopathy
• Dialysis
• Diaphragm or cap
• Diarrhoea and vomiting
• Diarrhoea, see Diarrhoea and vomiting
• Differences in sex development
• DiGeorge syndrome (22q11 deletion)
• Diphtheria
• Discoid eczema
• Dislocated kneecap
• Dislocated shoulder
• Dissociative disorders
• Diverticular disease and diverticulitis
• Dizziness
• Do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation (DNACPR) decisions
• Dog bites, see Animal and human bites
• Double vision
• Down's syndrome
• Dry eyes
• Dry lips, see Sore or dry lips
• Dry mouth
• Dupuytren's contracture
• DVT (deep vein thrombosis)
• Dwarfism, see Restricted growth (dwarfism)
• Dysarthria (difficulty speaking)
• Dysentery
• Dyslexia
• Dysphagia (swallowing problems)
• Dyspraxia (developmental co-ordination disorder) in adults
• Dyspraxia in children, see Developmental co-ordination disorder (dyspraxia) in children
• Dystonia

E

• Ear infections
• Earache
• Eardrum (burst), see Perforated eardrum
• Early or delayed puberty
• Early or premature menopause
• Earwax build-up
• Eating disorders
• Ebola virus disease
• Echocardiogram
• Ectopic beats, see Heart palpitations
• Ectopic pregnancy
• Ectropion
• Eczema (atopic), see Atopic eczema
• Eczema (contact dermatitis), see Contact dermatitis
• Eczema (discoid), see Discoid eczema
• Eczema (varicose), see Varicose eczema
• Edwards' syndrome (trisomy 18)
• Ehlers-Danlos syndromes
• Ejaculation problems
• Elbow and arm pain
• Electrocardiogram (ECG)
• Electroencephalogram (EEG)
• Electrolyte test
• Emergency contraceptive pill (morning after pill)
• Emollients
• Empyema
• Encephalitis
• Endocarditis
• Endometrial cancer, see Womb (uterus) cancer
• Endometriosis
• Endoscopy
• Enhanced recovery
• Epidermolysis bullosa
• Epididymitis
• Epidural
• Epiglottitis
• Epilepsy
• Erectile dysfunction (impotence)
• Erythema multiforme
• Erythema nodosum
• Erythrocytosis
• Erythromelalgia
• Essential tremor, see Tremor or shaking hands
• Euthanasia and assisted suicide
• Excessive daytime sleepiness (hypersomnia)
• Excessive hair growth (hirsutism)
• Excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis)
• Excessive thirst
• Eye cancer
• Eye cancer in children, see Retinoblastoma
• Eye flashes, see Floaters and flashes in the eyes
• Eye floaters, see Floaters and flashes in the eyes
• Eye infection (herpes), see Herpes simplex eye infections
• Eye injuries
• Eye tests for children
• Eyelid problems

F

• Fabricated or induced illness
• Face blindness, see Prosopagnosia (face blindness)
• Fainting
• Falls
• Farting (flatulence)
• Febrile seizures
• Feeling sick (nausea)
• Female genital mutilation (FGM)
• Female sterilisation
• Femoral hernia repair
• Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
• Fever in adults, see High temperature (fever) in adults
• Fever in children, see High temperature (fever) in children
• Fibroids
• Fibromyalgia
• Finger pain
• First aid
• Fits (children with fever), see Febrile seizures
• Fits (seizures), see What to do if someone has a seizure (fit)
• Flat feet
• Flat head syndrome, see Plagiocephaly and brachycephaly (flat head syndrome)
• Flatulence, see Farting (flatulence)
• Floaters and flashes in the eyes
• Flu
• Flu vaccine
• Food allergy
• Food colours and hyperactivity
• Food intolerance
• Food poisoning
• Foot drop
• Foot pain
• Foreskin problems, see Tight foreskin (phimosis)
• Frontotemporal dementia
• Frostbite
• Frozen shoulder
• Functional neurological disorder, see Medically unexplained symptoms
• Fungal nail infection

G

• Gallbladder cancer
• Gallbladder pain, see Acute cholecystitis
• Gallbladder removal
• Gallstones
• Ganglion cyst
• Gangrene
• Gastrectomy
• Gastritis
• Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), see Heartburn and acid reflux
• Gastroenteritis, see Diarrhoea and vomiting
• Gastroparesis
• Gastroscopy
• Gender dysphoria
• General anaesthetic
• Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD)
• Genetic and genomic testing
• Genetic test for cancer gene, see Predictive genetic tests for cancer risk genes
• Genital herpes
• Genital warts
• German measles, see Rubella (german measles)
• Gestational diabetes
• Giant cell arteritis, see Temporal arteritis
• Giardiasis
• Gigantism, see Acromegaly
• Gilbert's syndrome
• Glandular fever
• Glaucoma
• Glomerulonephritis
• Glue ear
• Glutaric aciduria type 1
• Goitre
• Gonorrhoea
• Gout
• Granuloma annulare
• Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA)
• Group B strep
• Growing pains
• Guillain-Barré syndrome
• Gum disease
• Gynaecomastia

H

• Haemochromatosis
• Haemophilia
• Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)
• Haemorrhoids, see Piles (haemorrhoids)
• Hair dye reactions
• Hair loss
• Halitosis, see Bad breath
• Hallucinations and hearing voices
• Hamstring injury
• Hand pain
• Hand tendon repair
• Hand, foot and mouth disease
• Having an operation (surgery)
• Hay fever
• Head and neck cancer
• Head injury and concussion
• Head lice and nits
• Headaches
• Headaches (tension-type), see Tension headaches
• Health anxiety
• Hearing aids and implants
• Hearing loss
• Hearing tests
• Hearing voices, see Hallucinations and hearing voices
• Heart attack
• Heart block
• Heart bypass, see Coronary artery bypass graft
• Heart disease (coronary), see Coronary heart disease
• Heart failure
• Heart pain, see Chest pain
• Heart palpitations
• Heart rhythm problems (arrhythmia)
• Heart valve disease
• Heart valve replacement, see Aortic valve replacement
• Heartburn and acid reflux
• Heat exhaustion and heatstroke
• Heat rash (prickly heat)
• Heavy periods
• Heel pain
• Help for suicidal thoughts
• Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP)
• Hepatitis
• Hepatitis A
• Hepatitis B
• Hepatitis B vaccine
• Hepatitis C
• Herbal medicines
• Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT)
• Hereditary spastic paraplegia
• Hernia
• Hernia (femoral), see Femoral hernia repair
• Hernia (hiatus), see Hiatus hernia
• Hernia (inguinal), see Inguinal hernia repair
• Hernia (umbilical), see Umbilical hernia repair
• Herpes (genital), see Genital herpes
• Herpes in babies, see Neonatal herpes (herpes in a baby)
• Herpes simplex eye infections
• Herpetic whitlow (whitlow finger)
• Hiatus hernia
• Hib, see Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)
• Hib/MenC vaccine
• Hiccups
• Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS)
• High blood pressure
• High blood sugar (hyperglycaemia)
• High cholesterol
• High temperature (fever) in adults
• High temperature (fever) in children
• Hip dysplasia, see Developmental dysplasia of the hip
• Hip pain in adults
• Hip pain in children (irritable hip)
• Hip replacement
• Hirschsprung's disease
• Hirsutism, see Excessive hair growth (hirsutism)
• HIV and AIDS
• Hives
• Hoarding disorder
• Hodgkin lymphoma
• Home oxygen therapy
• Homeopathy
• Homocystinuria
• Hookworm, see Worms in humans
• How to check your breasts or chest
• How to check your testicles
• How to collect a sample of poo (stool sample)
• HPV vaccine
• Hughes syndrome, see Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)
• Human bites, see Animal and human bites
• Human papillomavirus (HPV)
• Huntington's disease
• Hydrocephalus
• Hydronephrosis
• Hyperacusis, see Noise sensitivity (hyperacusis)
• Hyperhidrosis, see Excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis)
• Hyperparathyroidism
• Hypersomnia, see Excessive daytime sleepiness (hypersomnia)
• Hypertension, see High blood pressure
• Hyperthyroidism, see Overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism)
• Hypnotherapy
• Hypoglycaemia, see Low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia)
• Hypoparathyroidism
• Hypotension, see Low blood pressure (hypotension)
• Hypothermia
• Hypothyroidism, see Underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism)
• Hysterectomy
• Hysteroscopy

I

• IBD, see Inflammatory bowel disease
• IBS, see Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
• Ichthyosis
• Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
• Ileostomy
• Impetigo
• Impotence, see Erectile dysfunction (impotence)
• Incontinence (urinary), see Urinary incontinence
• Indigestion
• Infected piercings
• Infertility
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Influenza, see Flu
• Ingrown hairs
• Ingrown toenail
• Inguinal hernia repair
• Insect bites and stings
• Insomnia
• Intensive care
• Internal (female) condoms
• Intersex, see Differences in sex development
• Interstitial cystitis, see Bladder pain syndrome (interstitial cystitis)
• Intracranial hypertension
• Intrauterine insemination (IUI)
• Iron deficiency anaemia
• Irregular periods
• Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
• Irritable hip, see Hip pain in children (irritable hip)
• Isovaleric acidaemia
• Itchy bottom
• Itchy skin
• IUD (intrauterine device) or copper coil
• IUS (intrauterine system) or hormonal coil
• IVF

J

• Japanese encephalitis
• Jaundice
• Jaundice in newborns, see Newborn jaundice
• Jaw pain, see Temporomandibular disorder (TMD)
• Jellyfish and other sea creature stings
• Jet lag
• Joint hypermobility syndrome
• Joint pain

K

• Kawasaki disease
• Keloid scars
• Keratosis pilaris
• Kidney cancer
• Kidney failure, see Chronic kidney disease
• Kidney infection
• Kidney stones
• Klinefelter syndrome
• Knee cartilage damage, see Meniscus tear (knee cartilage damage)
• Knee ligament surgery
• Knee pain
• Knee replacement
• Knock knees
• Knocked-out tooth
• Kyphosis

L

• Labial fusion
• Labyrinthitis and vestibular neuritis
• Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) test
• Lactose intolerance
• Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome
• Laparoscopy (keyhole surgery)
• Laryngeal (larynx) cancer
• Laryngitis
• Laser eye surgery and lens surgery
• Laxatives
• Lazy eye
• Learning disabilities
• Leg cramps
• Leg ulcer, see Venous leg ulcer
• Legionnaires' disease
• Leptospirosis (Weil's disease)
• Leukaemia (acute lymphoblastic), see Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
• Leukaemia (acute myeloid), see Acute myeloid leukaemia
• Leukaemia (chronic lymphocytic), see Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
• Leukoplakia
• Lichen planus
• Lichen sclerosus
• Limping in children
• Lipoedema
• Lipoma
• Lips (sore or dry), see Sore or dry lips
• Listeriosis
• Liver cancer
• Liver disease
• Liver disease (alcohol-related), see Alcohol-related liver disease
• Local anaesthesia
• Long QT syndrome
• Long-sightedness
• Lost or changed sense of smell
• Low blood pressure (hypotension)
• Low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia)
• Low sex drive (loss of libido)
• Low sperm count
• Low white blood cell count
• Low-grade brain tumours, see Non-cancerous (benign) brain tumours
• Lower back pain, see Back pain
• Lumbago, see Back pain
• Lumbar decompression surgery
• Lumbar puncture
• Lumps
• Lung cancer
• Lung cancer screening
• Lupus
• Lyme disease
• Lymphoedema

M

• Macular degeneration (age-related), see Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
• Macular hole
• Magnesium test
• Malaria
• Male menopause, see The 'male menopause'
• Male sterilisation, see Vasectomy
• Malignant brain tumour (brain cancer)
• Mallet finger
• Malnutrition
• Mammogram, see Breast screening (mammogram)
• Maple syrup urine disease
• Marfan syndrome
• Mastectomy
• Mastitis
• Mastocytosis
• Mastoiditis
• MCADD
• Measles
• Medical cannabis (and cannabis oils)
• Medically unexplained symptoms
• Medicines information
• Melanoma skin cancer
• Memory loss (amnesia)
• MenACWY vaccine
• MenB vaccine
• Meningitis
• Meniscus tear (knee cartilage damage)
• Menopause
• Menopause (early), see Early or premature menopause
• Menstrual pain, see Period pain
• Mesothelioma
• Metabolic syndrome
• Metallic taste
• Metatarsalgia, see Pain in the ball of the foot
• Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)
• Migraine
• Miscarriage
• Missed or late periods
• MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) vaccine
• Molar pregnancy
• Moles
• Molluscum contagiosum
• Morton's neuroma
• Motion sickness
• Motor neurone disease (MND)
• Mouth cancer
• Mouth thrush, see Oral thrush (mouth thrush)
• Mouth ulcers
• Mpox
• MRI scan
• MRSA
• Mucositis
• Multiple myeloma
• Multiple sclerosis
• Multiple system atrophy (MSA)
• Mumps
• Munchausen syndrome
• Muscular dystrophy
• Myalgic encephalomyelitis or chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS)
• Myasthenia gravis
• Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)
• Myeloma, see Multiple myeloma
• Myopia, see Short-sightedness (myopia)
• Myositis
• Ménière's disease

N

• Nail fungal infection, see Fungal nail infection
• Nail patella syndrome
• Nail problems
• Nappy rash
• Narcolepsy
• Nasal and sinus cancer
• Nasal polyps
• Nasopharyngeal cancer
• Natural family planning
• Nausea, see Feeling sick (nausea)
• Neck pain
• Necrotising fasciitis
• Neonatal herpes (herpes in a baby)
• Nephrotic syndrome in children
• Neurofibromatosis type 1
• Neurofibromatosis type 2
• Neuromyelitis optica (NMO)
• Newborn jaundice
• Newborn respiratory distress syndrome
• NHS screening
• Night sweats
• Night terrors and nightmares
• Nipple discharge
• Noise sensitivity (hyperacusis)
• Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
• Non-allergic rhinitis
• Non-cancerous (benign) brain tumours
• Non-gonococcal urethritis, see Urethritis
• Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
• Non-melanoma skin cancer
• Noonan syndrome
• Norovirus (vomiting bug)
• Nose cancer, see Nasal and sinus cancer
• Nosebleed
• NSAIDs

O

• Obesity
• Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)
• Obstructive sleep apnoea, see Sleep apnoea
• Occupational therapy
• Oesophageal atresia and tracheo-oesophageal fistula
• Oesophageal cancer
• Oral thrush (mouth thrush)
• Orf
• Orthodontics
• Osteoarthritis
• Osteomalacia, see Rickets and osteomalacia
• Osteomyelitis
• Osteopathy
• Osteophyte (bone spur)
• Osteoporosis
• Otosclerosis
• Ovarian cancer
• Ovarian cyst
• Overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism)
• Ovulation pain
• Oxygen therapy, see Home oxygen therapy

P

• Pacemaker implantation
• Paget's disease of bone
• Paget's disease of the nipple
• Pain in testicles, see Testicle pain
• Pain in the back of the hand
• Pain in the ball of the foot
• Pain in the bottom of the foot
• Pain in the palm of the hand
• Pain in the top of the foot
• Painful bladder syndrome, see Bladder pain syndrome (interstitial cystitis)
• Painful periods, see Period pain
• Palpitations, see Heart palpitations
• Pancreatic cancer
• Pancreatitis (acute), see Acute pancreatitis
• Pancreatitis (chronic), see Chronic pancreatitis
• Panic disorder
• Paracetamol
• Paralysis
• Parkinson's disease
• Patau's syndrome
• Peak flow test
• Pelvic inflammatory disease
• Pelvic organ prolapse
• Pelvic pain
• Pemphigus vulgaris
• Penile cancer
• Penis lumps and spots
• Perforated eardrum
• Pericarditis
• Perimenopause, see Menopause
• Period pain
• Periods
• Periods (heavy), see Heavy periods
• Periods (irregular), see Irregular periods
• Periods (missed or late), see Missed or late periods
• Peripheral arterial disease (PAD)
• Peripheral neuropathy
• Peritonitis
• Persistent trophoblastic disease and choriocarcinoma
• Personality disorders
• PET scan
• Peyronie's disease
• Phaeochromocytoma
• Phenylketonuria
• Phimosis, see Tight foreskin (phimosis)
• Phlebitis (superficial thrombophlebitis)
• Phobias
• Phosphate test
• Photodynamic therapy (PDT)
• Physiotherapy
• Piles (haemorrhoids)
• Pilonidal sinus
• Pins and needles
• PIP breast implants
• Pityriasis rosea
• Pityriasis versicolor
• Plagiocephaly and brachycephaly (flat head syndrome)
• Plantar fasciitis
• Plastic surgery
• Pleurisy
• PMS (premenstrual syndrome)
• Pneumococcal vaccine
• Pneumonia
• Poisoning
• Polio
• Polycystic kidney disease (autosomal dominant), see Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
• Polycystic kidney disease (autosomal recessive), see Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
• Polycystic ovary syndrome
• Polyhydramnios (too much amniotic fluid)
• Polymorphic light eruption
• Polymyalgia rheumatica
• Pompholyx (dyshidrotic eczema)
• Popliteal cyst, see Baker's cyst
• Post-herpetic neuralgia
• Post-mortem
• Post-polio syndrome
• Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
• Postmenopausal bleeding
• Postnatal depression
• Postpartum psychosis
• Postural tachycardia syndrome (PoTS)
• Potassium test
• Prader-Willi syndrome
• Pre-eclampsia
• Predictive genetic tests for cancer risk genes
• Pregnancy
• Premature ejaculation, see Ejaculation problems
• Pressure ulcers (pressure sores)
• Priapism (painful erections)
• Prickly heat, see Heat rash (prickly heat)
• Primary biliary cholangitis (primary biliary cirrhosis)
• Probiotics
• Problems swallowing pills
• Proctalgia, see Anal pain
• Progestogen-only pill
• Progressive supranuclear palsy
• Prolapse (pelvic organ), see Pelvic organ prolapse
• Prosopagnosia (face blindness)
• Prostate cancer
• Prostate enlargement, see Benign prostate enlargement
• Prostate problems
• Prostatitis
• PSA test
• Psoriasis
• Psoriatic arthritis
• Psychiatry
• Psychosis
• Psychotic depression
• Puberty (early or delayed), see Early or delayed puberty
• Pubic lice
• Pudendal neuralgia
• Pulmonary embolism
• Pulmonary fibrosis, see Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
• Pulmonary hypertension
• Pyoderma gangrenosum

Q

• Q fever
• Quinsy, see Tonsillitis

R

• Rabies
• Radiotherapy
• Rashes in babies and children
• Raynaud's
• Reactive arthritis
• Rectal bleeding, see Bleeding from the bottom (rectal bleeding)
• Rectal cancer, see Bowel cancer
• Rectal examination
• Red blood cell count
• Red eye
• Reflux in babies
• Renal cancer, see Kidney cancer
• Repetitive strain injury (RSI)
• Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
• Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine, see RSV vaccine
• Respiratory tract infections (RTIs)
• Restless legs syndrome
• Restricted growth (dwarfism)
• Retinal detachment, see Detached retina (retinal detachment)
• Retinal migraine
• Retinoblastoma
• Rett syndrome
• Reye's syndrome
• Rhesus disease
• Rheumatic fever
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Rhinitis (allergic), see Allergic rhinitis
• Rickets and osteomalacia
• Ringworm
• Root canal treatment
• Rosacea
• Roseola
• Rotavirus vaccine
• Roundworm, see Worms in humans
• RSV vaccine
• RSV, see Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
• Rubella (german measles)

S

• Salivary gland stones
• Sarcoidosis
• Scabies
• Scarlet fever
• Scars
• Schistosomiasis (bilharzia)
• Schizophrenia
• Sciatica
• Scleroderma
• Scoliosis
• Scurvy
• Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)
• Seizures (children with fever), see Febrile seizures
• Seizures (fits), see What to do if someone has a seizure (fit)
• Selective mutism
• Self-harm
• Sense of smell (lost/changed), see Lost or changed sense of smell
• Sepsis
• Septic arthritis
• Septicaemia, see Sepsis
• Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
• Shaking, see Tremor or shaking hands
• Shin pain (shin splints), see Shin splints
• Shin splints
• Shingles
• Shingles vaccine
• Short-sightedness (myopia)
• Shortness of breath
• Shoulder impingement
• Shoulder pain
• Sick building syndrome
• Sickle cell disease
• Silicosis
• Sinus cancer, see Nasal and sinus cancer
• Sinusitis (sinus infection)
• Sinusitis, see Sinusitis (sinus infection)
• Sjögren's syndrome
• Skin abscess
• Skin cancer (melanoma), see Melanoma skin cancer
• Skin cyst
• Skin picking disorder
• Skin tags
• Slapped cheek syndrome
• Sleep apnoea
• Sleep paralysis
• Sleepwalking
• Slipped disc
• Smelly feet
• Smelly urine
• Smoking (treatments to stop), see Stop smoking treatments
• Snake bites
• Snoring
• Social anxiety (social phobia)
• Soft tissue sarcoma
• Soiling (child pooing their pants)
• Solar keratoses, see Actinic keratoses (solar keratoses)
• Sore lips, see Sore or dry lips
• Sore or dry lips
• Sore or white tongue
• Sore throat
• Sperm count (low), see Low sperm count
• Spina bifida
• Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)
• Spirometry
• Spleen problems and spleen removal
• Spondylolisthesis
• Sprains and strains
• Squint
• Stammering
• Staph infection
• Statins
• Stem cell and bone marrow transplants
• Stent insertion, see Coronary angioplasty and stent insertion
• Sterilisation (female), see Female sterilisation
• Sterlisation (male), see Vasectomy
• Steroid cream, see Topical corticosteroids
• Steroid inhalers
• Steroid injections
• Steroid misuse, see Anabolic steroid misuse
• Steroid nasal sprays
• Steroid tablets
• Steroids
• Stevens-Johnson syndrome
• Stillbirth
• Sting or bite (insect), see Insect bites and stings
• Stomach ache
• Stomach bug, see Diarrhoea and vomiting
• Stomach cancer
• Stomach ulcer
• Stop smoking treatments
• Strep A
• Stretch marks
• Stroke
• Stuttering, see Stammering
• Stye
• Subarachnoid haemorrhage
• Subdural haematoma
• Sudden confusion (delirium)
• Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
• Sunburn
• Superficial thrombophlebitis, see Phlebitis (superficial thrombophlebitis)
• Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)
• Surgery (having an operation), see Having an operation (surgery)
• Swallowing pills, see Problems swallowing pills
• Swallowing problems, see Dysphagia (swallowing problems)
• Sweat rash, see Heat rash (prickly heat)
• Sweating (excessive), see Excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis)
• Sweating (excessive), see Heat rash (prickly heat)
• Sweating at night, see Night sweats
• Swollen ankles, feet and legs (oedema)
• Swollen arms and hands (oedema)
• Swollen glands
• Syphilis

T

• Tailbone (coccyx) pain
• Tapeworm, see Worms in humans
• Tay-Sachs disease
• TB, see Tuberculosis (TB)
• Td/IPV vaccine (3-in-1 teenage booster)
• Teeth grinding (bruxism)
• Teeth whitening
• Temporal arteritis
• Temporomandibular disorder (TMD)
• Tendonitis
• Tennis elbow
• TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)
• Tension headaches
• Testicle lumps and swellings
• Testicle pain
• Testicular cancer
• Tetanus
• Thalassaemia
• The 'male menopause'
• Thirst (excessive), see Excessive thirst
• Thoracic outlet syndrome
• Threadworms
• Throat (sore), see Sore throat
• Thrombophilia
• Thrush in men and women
• Thumb pain
• Thyroid cancer
• TIA, see Transient ischaemic attack (TIA)
• Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE)
• Tics
• Tight foreskin (phimosis)
• Tinnitus
• Tiredness and fatigue
• Toe pain
• Tongue (sore or white), see Sore or white tongue
• Tongue-tie
• Tonsillitis
• Tooth (chipped or broken), see Chipped, broken or cracked tooth
• Tooth decay
• Tooth knocked out, see Knocked-out tooth
• Toothache
• Topical corticosteroids
• Total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) and transferrin test
• Total protein test
• Tourette's syndrome
• Toxic shock syndrome
• Toxocariasis
• Toxoplasmosis
• Tracheostomy
• Transient ischaemic attack (TIA)
• Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)
• Travel vaccinations
• Tremor or shaking hands
• Tremor, see Tremor or shaking hands
• Trichomoniasis
• Trichotillomania (hair pulling disorder)
• Trigeminal neuralgia
• Trigger finger
• Trimethylaminuria ('fish odour syndrome')
• Tuberculosis (TB)
• Tuberous sclerosis
• Tummy ache, see Stomach ache
• Tummy bug, see Diarrhoea and vomiting
• Turner syndrome
• Twitching eyes and muscles
• Type 1 diabetes
• Type 2 diabetes
• Typhoid fever
• Typhus

U

• Ulcerative colitis
• Ultrasound scan
• Umbilical hernia repair
• Underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism)
• Undescended testicles
• Unintentional weight loss
• Upper back pain, see Back pain
• Urethritis
• Urinary catheter
• Urinary incontinence
• Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
• Urine (smelly), see Smelly urine
• Urine albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR)
• Uterine (womb) cancer, see Womb (uterus) cancer
• Uveitis

V

• Vaginal bleeding between periods or after sex
• Vaginal cancer
• Vaginal discharge
• Vaginal dryness
• Vaginal pain, see Vulvodynia (vulval pain)
• Vaginal ring
• Vaginismus
• Vaginitis
• Varicose eczema
• Varicose veins
• Vascular dementia
• Vasculitis
• Vasectomy
• Venous leg ulcer
• Vertigo
• Vestibular neuritis, see Labyrinthitis and vestibular neuritis
• Vestibular schwannoma, see Acoustic neuroma (vestibular schwannoma)
• Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency anaemia
• Vitamins and minerals
• Vitiligo
• Vomiting blood
• Vomiting bug, see Norovirus (vomiting bug)
• Vomiting, see Diarrhoea and vomiting
• Von Willebrand disease
• Vulval cancer
• Vulvodynia (vulval pain)

W

• Warts and verrucas
• Watering eyes
• Weight loss (unexpected), see Unintentional weight loss
• Weight loss (unintentional), see Unintentional weight loss
• Weight loss surgery
• Weil's disease, see Leptospirosis (Weil's disease)
• What to do if someone has a seizure (fit)
• Whiplash
• White blood cell count (low), see Low white blood cell count
• Whitlow finger, see Herpetic whitlow (whitlow finger)
• Whooping cough
• Wind, see Farting (flatulence)
• Winter vomiting bug, see Norovirus (vomiting bug)
• Wisdom tooth removal
• Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
• Womb (uterus) cancer
• Women's health
• Worms in humans
• Wrist pain

X

• X-ray

Y

• Yellow fever

Z

• Zika virus