What steroids are for

Steroids are an artificial version of hormones your body usually makes by itself.

They help reduce redness and swelling (inflammation) and stop the body's immune system attacking itself.

They can be used to help treat conditions such as:

asthma
allergies, including hay fever and allergic rhinitis
conjunctivitis
eczema
nappy rash
piles (haemorrhoids)
rheumatoid arthritis
Crohn's disease
cancer

These types of steroids are not the same as anabolic steroids, which some people use illegally to help build bigger muscles.

Types of steroids

There are many different types of steroids that come in different forms, such as tablets or inhalers.

The type of steroid you have depends on the condition being treated.

Names and types of steroid medicines
Type	Medicine name
Steroid tablets, capsules, granules and liquid	Beclometasone tablets Betamethasone tablets Budesonide tablets, capsules and granules Dexamethasone tablets and liquid Hydrocortisone tablets Hydrocortisone buccal tablets Prednisolone tablets and liquid
Steroid inhalers	Beclometasone inhalers Budesonide inhalers Fluticasone inhalers Mometasone inhalers
Steroid nasal sprays and drops	Beclometasone nasal spray Betamethasone for eyes, ears and nose Budesonide nasal spray Fluticasone nasal spray and drops Mometasone nasal spray
Steroid injections	Hydrocortisone injections
Steroid creams, lotions, gels, rectal foam, enemas and ointments	Beclometasone skin cream Betamethasone for skin Budesonide rectal foam and enemas Clobetasol Clobetasone Fluticasone skin creams Hydrocortisone for skin Hydrocortisone for piles and itchy bottom Mometasone for skin
Steroid eye and ear drops or ointment	Betamethasone for eyes, ears and nose Dexamethasone eye drops

Not all steroid medicines are listed here. If you cannot find your medicine, check the leaflet that comes with your steroid or ask a pharmacist.

Side effects of steroids

Steroids often do not cause side effects if they're taken for a short time or at a low dose.

The side effects you may have depend on:

the type of steroid you're taking
how strong the dose of steroids is
how long you take the steroids for

Any side effects will usually stop when you finish your treatment.

Possible serious side effects of steroids

If you take a high dose, or are on steroids for a longer time, you may have a higher chance of getting more serious side effects.

These can include:

slowed growth (in children and teenagers)
weakening of the bones (osteoporosis)
getting more infections
changes in your mood, such as depression and anxiety
too much of the hormone cortisol in your body (Cushing's syndrome)
high blood sugar or diabetes
high blood pressure
problems with your eyes, such as glaucoma or cataracts

Your doctor will tell you what side effects to expect if you're taking steroids for a longer time.

They may lower or change your dose if you're having side effects. They may also recommend taking other medicines to help, such as medicines to help strengthen your bones or prevent indigestion or heartburn.

This is not a full list of all the possible side effects of steroids. Check the information leaflet that comes with your medicine to find out more.

Stopping or coming off steroids

Most people will not have side effects when they stop taking their steroid medicine.

But it's important to follow your doctor's advice if you've been:

taking a steroid medicine for longer than 3 weeks
given a high dose of a steroid medicine

You'll usually need to reduce your dose gradually.

Important

Do not stop taking your steroid medicine without talking to your doctor first. They can tell you how to stop taking steroids safely.

Withdrawal symptoms

Stopping taking some steroids suddenly can cause symptoms such as:

feeling extremely tired
feeling and being sick
dizziness
loss of appetite and losing weight without trying
joint pain
redness or changes in skin colour (this may be harder to see on brown and black skin)
peeling skin, or skin that stings, burns or itches

If you were taking a steroid medicine to help with the symptoms of another condition, these symptoms may also come back suddenly.