Symptoms of type 1 diabetes
The most common symptoms of type 1 diabetes are:
- peeing more than usual
- feeling very thirsty
- feeling very tired
- losing weight quickly without trying to
Other symptoms can include:
- blurred vision
- breath that smells sweet or fruity (like nail polish remover or pear drop sweets)
- cuts and wounds taking longer to heal
- getting frequent infections, such as thrush
The symptoms develop quickly, over a few days or weeks.
If it's not treated, it can lead to a serious condition called diabetic ketoacidosis.
Type 1 diabetes usually starts in children and young adults, but it can happen at any age.
You're more likely to get it if you have other problems with your immune system (autoimmune conditions), or if others in your family have type 1 diabetes or other autoimmune conditions.
The symptoms are similar to type 2 diabetes, but type 2 diabetes usually develops more slowly and is more common in older people.
Urgent advice: Ask for an urgent GP appointment or get help from NHS 111 if:
- you think you or your child has type 1 diabetes
You can call 111 or get help from 111 online.
Immediate action required: Call 999 or go to A&E if:
You or your child have been peeing more, feeling very thirsty and tired, and:
- your symptoms are getting worse quickly
- you have stomach pain, diarrhoea, or you're feeling or being sick
- you're feeling sleepy or confused
- you're breathing faster and more deeply than usual
These could be signs of diabetic ketoacidosis, which can be life threatening if not treated quickly.
Do not drive to A&E. Ask someone to drive you or call 999 and ask for an ambulance.
Bring any medicines you take with you.
How type 1 diabetes is diagnosed
If a GP thinks you could have type 1 diabetes, they'll do some blood tests by taking a blood sample or pricking your finger to check for high blood glucose. They may also test a sample of your pee.
If tests show you might have type 1 diabetes, you'll need to be referred to a specialist in hospital for more tests and to start treatment. You'll usually be seen urgently, the same day.
Doctors will usually confirm whether you have type 1 diabetes or another type of diabetes based on your age, weight and symptoms.
But if it's not clear which type you have, you may need extra blood tests.
If you're told you have type 1 diabetes
If you or your child are diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, it can feel overwhelming. You may be feeling anxious about how it will affect you.
A team of specialists will help you get the right treatment and support. You can ask them any questions you may have.
A diabetes nurse in hospital or at a clinic will show you the things you need to do to start managing the condition.
Get support
Diabetes UK has a free helpline that's open from 9am to 6pm, Monday to Friday.
Their trained advisors can help anyone with diabetes and their family and friends.
Call: 0345 123 2399
Email: helpline@diabetes.org.uk