Common questions about omeprazole - Brand names: Losec, Losec MUPS, Pyrocalm

Omeprazole is a type of medicine called a proton pump inhibitor (PPI).

Proton pumps are enzymes in the lining of your stomach that help it make acid to digest food.

Omeprazole prevents proton pumps working properly. This reduces the amount of acid the stomach makes.

You should start to feel better within 2 to 3 days, but it may take up to 4 weeks for omeprazole to work fully. You may still have some acid symptoms during this time.

If you treated yourself with omeprazole that you bought from a pharmacy and your symptoms are no better after 2 weeks, tell your doctor. They may want to do tests or put you on a different medicine.

If you feel you are not getting any better, speak to your doctor. They may suggest trying another PPI, such as pantoprazole or rabeprazole.

If you take omeprazole for more than 3 months, the levels of magnesium in your blood may fall.

Low magnesium can make you feel tired, confused, dizzy and cause muscle twitches, shakiness and an irregular heartbeat. If you get any of these symptoms, tell your doctor.

Taking omeprazole for more than a year may increase your chances of certain side effects, including:

• bone fractures
• gut infections
• vitamin B12 deficiency – symptoms include feeling very tired, a sore and red tongue, mouth ulcers and pins and needles

If you take omeprazole for longer than 1 year, your doctor will regularly check your health to see if you should carry on taking it.

It's not known if omeprazole works less well the longer you take it.

If you feel like omeprazole is not working any more, talk to your doctor.

There is some research to suggest that taking medicines to reduce stomach acid, like PPIs and H2 blockers, may slightly increase the chance of developing stomach cancer. It also suggested that it could be more likely in people taking them for longer than 3 years. But studies involving more people need to be done to be sure that PPIs and H2 blockers cause stomach cancer, rather than something else causing it.

PPIs, like most medicines, have side effects so it's best to take them for the shortest time possible.

It’s also important to speak to your doctor if you notice any of these symptoms which can be signs of stomach cancer:

• having problems swallowing (dysphagia)
• feeling or being sick
• feeling full very quickly when eating
• losing weight without trying

Speak to your doctor or pharmacist if you are concerned.

Usually, you can stop taking omeprazole without reducing your dose first.

But if you've been taking omeprazole for a long time, speak to your doctor before you stop taking it.

Stopping suddenly could make your sto
mach produce a lot more acid, and make your symptoms come back.

Reducing the dose gradually before stopping completely will prevent this happening.

There are 4 other medicines that are similar to omeprazole. They are:

• lansoprazole
• esomeprazole
• pantoprazole
• rabeprazole

Like omeprazole, these medicines are proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). They work in the same way as omeprazole by reducing acid in your stomach.

They generally work as well, and have similar side effects as omeprazole. But they may be given in different doses.

Sometimes, if omeprazole does not work or causes side effects, your doctor may suggest that you try taking another PPI.

There are other prescription medicines and ones you can buy to treat indigestion and heartburn.

Antacids, like calcium carbonate (Tums), sodium bicarbonate, Maalox and Milk of Magnesia, relieve indigestion and heartburn by neutralising the acid in your stomach.

They give quick relief that lasts for a few hours. They're ideal for occasional stomach acid symptoms.

Some antacids, such as Gaviscon, have an extra ingredient called alginic acid.

They work by making a lining, so juices from your stomach do not splash up into your foodpipe. They're especially good for relieving acid reflux.

Antacids are available from pharmacies and supermarkets.

Histamine antagonists (commonly called H2 blockers) reduce the amount of acid made in your stomach, but they do this in a different way from PPIs.

They include cimetidine (Tagamet) and famotidine (Pepcid).

In general, PPIs like omeprazole are used first because they're better than H2 blockers at reducing stomach acid.

But if a PPI does not work or causes side effects, your doctor may prescribe an H2 blocker.

You can buy famotidine and nizatidine without prescription from pharmacies.

You can take omeprazole with an antacid (for example, Gaviscon) if you need to.

They're the same as omeprazole tablets you get on prescription, but only adults can take them, and they can only be taken for up to 14 days. If your symptoms are no better after 14 days, you should tell your doctor as they may want to do tests or put you on a different medicine.

Omeprazole does not affect any type of regular contraception including the combined pill. But it may reduce the effectiveness of one type of emergency contraception called ellaOne (ulipristal), so a different form of emergency contraceptive may be recommended instead.

If using omeprazole makes you vomit or have severe diarrhoea for more than 24 hours, your contraceptive pills may not protect you from pregnancy. Check the pill packet to find out what to do.

Find out more:

• What to do if you're sick or have diarrhoea when taking the combined pill

Omeprazole can make you feel dizzy, sleepy, or get blurred vision.

If this happens to you, do not drive, cycle or use machinery or tools until you feel better.

It’s best to avoid alcohol if possible. Although it does not affect the way omeprazole works, alcohol makes your stomach produce more acid than normal. This can irritate your stomach lining and make your symptoms worse.

It may be possible to ease symptoms caused by too much stomach acid by making a few changes to your diet and lifestyle:

• maintain a healthy weight by eating healthily
• do not eat foods that can make your symptoms worse, such as rich, spicy and fatty foods, and acidic foods like tomatoes, citrus fruits, salad dressings and fizzy drinks
• cut down on caffeinated drinks, such as tea, coffee and cola, as well as alcohol and smoking
• if you have symptoms at night, try not to eat for at least 3 hours before you go to bed
• prop your head and shoulders up when you go to bed – this can stop stomach acid coming up while you sleep