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  • Stillbirth - Causes

    Read about the causes of stillbirth, including complications with the placenta (the organ that links the baby’s blood supply to the mother’s).

  • Sjögren's syndrome diagnosis

    Find out about the tests used to diagnose Sjögren's syndrome, which include checking your mouth and eyes for problems, and blood tests. If needed, you may be referred to a specialist for further tests.

  • Sickle cell disease - Treatment

    Read about the main treatments for sickle cell disease, including medications to prevent pain, blood transfusions and stem cell transplants.

  • Rhesus disease - Causes

    Rhesus disease is caused by a specific mix of blood types between a pregnant mother and her unborn baby.

  • Pre-eclampsia - Causes

    Pre-eclampsia is thought to be caused by the placenta not developing properly due to a problem with the blood vessels supplying it. The exact cause isn't fully understood.

  • Polymyalgia rheumatica - Diagnosis

    Find out how polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is diagnosed. A series of blood tests may be used to check the levels of inflammation in your body.

  • Paget's disease of bone - Diagnosis

    Find about the main tests used to diagnose Paget's disease of bone, including blood tests, X-rays and scans.

  • Pacemaker implantation - Risks

    Find out about the possible risks of having a pacemaker fitted, including blood clots, infection, an air leak and pacemaker malfunction.

  • Overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism) - Diagnosis

    Find out how an overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism) is diagnosed. A thyroid function blood test is the main method. Other blood tests and a scan may also be needed.

  • Ovarian cancer - Tests and next steps

    Find out about the different tests for ovarian cancer. These can include blood tests, scans and removing a small sample of cells for testing (biopsy).